Tibet+Research

 1. When did china take over Tibet? A. 1950 est.

2. Who ruled Tibet before china? A.The Dalai Lama was considered 'ruler' of Tibet.

3. What was the population when the Dalai Lama was in Tibet of Tibet? A.The Tibetan population attained 6,330,567 in 1959. Statistics shows that in between 1959 and 2000, the Tibetan population decreased by about one million, a 15% decline. During the same period, the Chinese population doubled, and the world-wide population increased by 3-fold.
 * ==== ==== |||||||||||| ====  Tibetan population (people) ==== ||
 * ^  || ====   National ==== || ====   Tibet Autonomous Region ==== || ====   Qinghai Province ==== || ====   Sichuan Province ==== || ====   Yunnan Province ==== || ====   Gansu Province ==== ||
 * ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">(1953.71) <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">The first census (1953.71) ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">2775622  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">2775622 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1273964①  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1273964 ① ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">493463  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">493463 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">721869②  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">721869 ② ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">66893  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">66893 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">204730  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">204730 ==== ||
 * ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">(1964.7.1) <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">The second census (1964.7.1) ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">2500468  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">2500468 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1208663③  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1208663 ③ ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">442664  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">442664 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">606652  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">606652 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">65258  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">65258 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">192494  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">192494 ==== ||
 * ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">(1982.7.1) <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">The third census (1982.7.1) ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">3874035  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">3874035 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1764600  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1764600 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">763897  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">763897 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">921984  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">921984 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">94925  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">94925 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">304573  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">304573 ==== ||
 * ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">(1990.7.1) <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">Fourth Population Census (1990.7.1) ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">4593330  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">4593330 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">2096346  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">2096346 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">911860  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">911860 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1087510  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">1087510 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">111414  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">111414 ==== || ==== <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">366718  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 宋体">366718 ==== ||

4. What is the population of Tibet now? 2.81 million

5. How many people have died since china has taken over in Tibet? The government of the PRC maintains that the Tibetan Government did almost nothing to improve the Tibetans' material and political standard of life during its rule from 1913–59, and that they opposed any reforms proposed by the Chinese government. According to the Chinese government, this is the reason for the tension that grew between some central government officials and the local Tibetan government in 1959.

6. How many people died from the Dalai Lamas rules in Tibet? Infant mortality has dropped from 43% in 1950 to 0.661% in 2000. (The United Nations reports an infant mortality rate of 35.3 per thousand in 2000.) Life expectancy has risen from 35.5 years in 1950 to 67 in 2000.

7.Was there any conflict between China and Tibet before the 14th Dalai Lama? 1913- Chinese soldiers in Lhasa deported to China via India. On January 11, the Tibeto-Mongolian Treaty of mutual recognition is signed. 1914- Simla Convention between Britain, China and Tibet. 1948- Tibetan Trade mission to China, US and UK. 8.Is there more transport in Tibet now since the Dalai Lama has left?
 * ~ Train ||~ From/To ||~ Kilometres ||~ Hard Seat ||~ Hard Sleeper (lower berth) ||~ Soft Sleeper (lower berth) ||
 * T27/28 || Beijing west - Lhasa || 4064 || 389 || 813 || 1262 ||
 * T22/23/24/21 || Chengdu - Lhasa || 3360 || 331 || 712 || 1104 ||
 * T222/223/224/221 || Chongqing - Lhasa || 3654 || 355 || 754 || 1168 ||
 * T164/5 || Shanghai - Lhasa || 4373 || 406 || 845 || 1314 ||
 * T166/3 || Lhasa - Shanghai || 4373 || 406 || 845 || 1314 ||
 * T262 || Guangzhou - Lhasa || 4980 || 451 || 923 || 1434 ||
 * T264 || Lhasa - Guangzhou || 4980 || 451 || 923 || 1434 ||
 * K917/K918 || Lanzhou - Lhasa || 2188 || 242 || 552 || 854 ||
 * N917/N918 || Xining - Lhasa || 1972 || 226 || 523 || 810 ||

Construction
Liuwu tunnel (柳梧隧道), near Lhasa station. Since [|the formation of the Tibetan Autonomous Region] in early 1950s, the Chinese government has dreamed of building a railway connecting Tibet to China proper. Engineers were sent to investigate the possibility, but shortage of technology and money prevented the project from starting. The 815 km section from [|Xining], Qinghai to [|Golmud], Qinghai opened to traffic in 1984. Construction of the remaining 1,142 km section from Golmud to [|Lhasa] could not be started until the recent economic growth of China. This section was formally started on [|29 June] [|2001]. This section was finished on [|October 12], [|2005], and signalling work and track testing took another eight months. It was completed in five years at a cost of $3.68 billion. Track-laying in Tibet was launched from both directions, towards Tanggula Mountain and Lhasa, from Anduo Railway Station on [|22 June] [|2004]. On [|24 August] [|2005], [|track] was laid at the railway's highest point, the [|Tanggula Pass], 5,072 m (16,640 feet) above sea level.[|[6]] Forty-four [|railway stations] are to be built, among them Tanggula Mountain railway station, at 5,068 m the world's highest ([|Cóndor station], at 4,786 m, on the [|Rio Mulatos-Potosí line], [|Bolivia], and La [|Galera station] at 4,781 m, in [|Peru], being the next highest). The Qingzang Railway project involved more than 20,000 workers and over 6,000 pieces of industrial equipment, and is considered one of China's major accomplishments of the 21st century. [|Bombardier Transportation] provided 361 high-altitude passenger carriages with special enriched-oxygen and UV-protection systems, delivered between December 2005 and May 2006. Fifty-three are luxury sleeper carriages for tourist services.[|[7]] The construction of the railway was part of the [|China Western Development] strategy, an attempt to develop the western provinces of China, which are much less developed than eastern China. The railway will be extended to Zhangmu via [|Shigatse] (日喀则) to the west, and [|Dali] via [|Nyingchi] (林芝) to the east. A further extension is planned to link Shigatse with [|Yadong] near the China-[|India] border [|[8]] (Map [|[9]]). The railway is considered one of the greatest feats achieved in modern Chinese history by the government, and as a result is often mentioned on regular TV programs. Chinese-Tibetan folk singer [|Han Hong] has a song called //Tianlu// (Road to Heaven; 天路) praising and glorifying the Qingzang Railway.

The bridge on permafrost horizon

Extension to Nepal
In a meeting between Chinese and [|Nepalese] officials on [|April 25], [|2008], the Chinese delegation announced that country's intention to extend the Qingzang railway from Lhasa to [|Khasha] on the Nepalese border. Nepal had requested that the railway be extended to enable trade and tourism between the two nations. Construction of the extension is planned to be completed by 2013.[|[10]]

9. How many people are arrested every year in Tibet under the Chinese rules?
 * Monday, March 10**


 * Hundreds of monks begin a protest on the 49th anniversary of the Tibetan uprising against Beijing rule, which led to the exile of the Dalai Lama, now living in India.


 * About 300 monks from Drepung Monastery on the outskirts of Tibet's capital, Lhasa, peacefully march toward Barkhor Street in the central city, but Chinese People's Armed Police stop them before they reach the city. Police arrest monks suspected to be ringleaders. All the monks were seeking the release of fellow Drepung monks, who apparently were detained as they tried to celebrate the Dalai Lama's receipt of the U.S. Congressional Gold Medal in October.


 * Fifteen monks from Sera Monastery near Lhasa, joined by two laypeople, lead a peaceful pro-Tibet march from Tsuklakhang Temple, proclaiming pro-independence slogans, distributing pamphlets, and raising the banned Tibetan national flag at Barkhor Street. They are arrested immediately following brief protests, and are reportedly beaten. Nearby shops are ordered to close. More armed forces are deployed to warn people not to take part in any more protests. The whereabouts and conditions of the detained monks are unknown.


 * More than 130 monks from Lutsang Monastery in Qinghai Province, which borders Tibet, and 200 laypeople converge outside a government assembly hall and shout slogans supporting the Dalai Lama. Police stop the protest. There are no reports of arrests.


 * Twenty local Chinese officials convene a meeting of monks from Ditsa Monastery in Qinghai, but 70 monks walk out carrying a portrait of the Dalai Lama and shouting pro-independence slogans. No reports of arrests.
 * Tuesday, March 11**


 * About 2,000 Chinese troops fire tear gas to disperse hundreds of monks from Sera Monastery who are calling for the release of their fellow monks and shouting pro-Tibet slogans.


 * Lhasa city authorities cancel leaves for all government employees.

Don't Miss

 * Wednesday, March 12**


 * About 100 Tibetan nuns from Chutsang Nunnery on the west side of Lhasa march peacefully toward Barkhor Street, but Chinese People's Armed Police block them. No reports of arrests.


 * Monks from Gaden Monastery, about 30 miles east of Lhasa, launch a protest. Police surround and seal off the monastery.
 * Thursday, March 13**


 * The same group of nuns who protested a day earlier and were turned back try to carry out the protest march again. They have not returned to the nunnery.


 * Two monks from Kirti monastery in Sichuan Province stab themselves in the chest, hands and wrists. A reporter for Radio Free Asia says they were protesting the arrest of 17 people in the Sera Monastery protest Monday. RFA says the two monks are in critical condition and not expected to survive. Other monks from Sera Monastery are staging a hunger strike to protest the arrests.


 * Police arrest around 500 students from Tibet University.
 * Friday, March 14**


 * Monks from Ramoche Temple attempt to hold a protest march, but police block streets and prevent the demonstration. Laypeople join in and scuffles break out. There are reports of protesters setting fire to vehicles, shops and a main market in Lhasa.

10. How many people did the Dalai Lama arrest when he was in power? ???????????????????????????????????????????

11. Has the economy in Tibet dropped since the Dalai Lama left?<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <span class="articolo_inside"> Lhasa (AsiaNews)  China is celebrating today the creation of the Tibet Autonomous Region in 1965. Official pronouncements aside, many observers have noted how in these 40 years Tibetan society has become profoundly fractured with indigenous Tibetans increasingly marginalised, turned into a lumpen-proletariat and excluded from the Beijing-driven modernisation and industrialisation of the territory. Tibet has been ruled by China since the People's Liberation Army invaded the Himalayan territory in 1950. Nine years later, Tibet's god-king, the Dalai Lama, fled on horseback after a failed uprising against Chinese rule. Since then, Beijing has encouraged the immigration of ethnic Han Chinese, both to underscore its claim to Tibet and in hopes that the settlers would eventually take over the country. For many observers, the central government has failed to help the native Tibetan population, who are mostly farmers, in their quest for economic, social and cultural development. Instead, it has favoured Han Chinese. This has contributed to a rich-poor gap that falls along ethnic lines, creating a divide between Han Chinese and Tibetans. Tibet's capital Lhasa is booming. The local government boasts 12 per cent growth rates for the past four years, driven by massive investment from Beijing. Tens of billions of yuans have poured into the country, mostly to the benefit of Chinese who settled from other regions thanks to incentives such as residence permits and business licences. In Tibet's main cities modern buildings are going up, five-start hotels are opening, new stores are showing their wares, but little is done to modernise agriculture. Mandarin is the only language allowed in schools whilst teaching Tibetan culture, language and religion is banned until students reach the age of 18. "The government expansion is being driven by Beijing; it's not being driven locally. And that's creating a much polarised economy," said Andrew Fischer, a development economist at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Only about 13 per cent of ethnic Tibetans have a secondary school education or above, Fischer noted, compared with 50 per cent among Han Chinese. Forty per cent of Tibetans are illiterate and this translates into a yawning income gap that exacerbates the ethnic divide. About 70 per cent of indigenous Tibetans work in agriculture and their future looks bleak. "We eat what we grow," farmers said to explain the gap between their life and that in the cities. By contrast, the government's showcase is the new, 2,040 Km railway from Xining (Qinghai province) to Lhasa due to open in 2007 that came with a US$ 4 billion price tag. For Vice Premier Zeng Peiyan, the railway will favour tourism and official sources claim it will provide employment to farmers. Tibetans fear instead that it will open the floodgates to Han Chinese who will monopolise all new business. Some observers point out that the grand celebrations marking Sino-Tibetan unity and common interests only show how much Tibet was and is different from the rest of China. Since 1950 more than 2,000 Tibetan monasteries have been destroyed. Buddhist monks are under strict control. Dozens of them have been incarcerated; the death penalty is frequently applied and torture is commonplace. Last year, two monks were sentenced to 11 years for publicly displaying the Tibetan national flag. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, the 11-year-old whom the Dalai Lama recognised as his successor in 1995, has been held incommunicado. Since then, nothing has been heard about him or his family. Instead, Beijing has appointed a different Panchen Lama.

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